Diagnostics of malfunctions of knots and car systems The owners of cars who are carrying out procedures of routine maintenance of a vehicle Routine maintenance of the real Management of the schedule extremely seldom agrees given in Head will be compelled to address to materials of this Section. Reliability of knots and the components established on modern cars is so high that at timely performance of replacement of the materials of details worn out and failed as a result of aging the probability of their sudden refusal is smallest. Refusals seldom occur spontaneously and usually are a consequence a time of long development of defect. In particular, failure of mechanical components practically always is preceded by emergence and evolution of the characteristic symptoms which are showing sometimes for many thousand kilometers of run to the full. The same components which can fail unexpectedly, usually are not vital for functioning of the main knots and car systems, or are easily replaced in road conditions. A fundamental step at identification of the reasons of any refusal is the choice of a point of the beginning of searches. Often the reason appears lying on a surface, however in certain cases it is necessary to work, making small investigation. The motorist who has made half-dozens of casual checks, replacements and corrections quite has chance to find a cause of failure (or its symptom), however in any way it is impossible to call such approach reasonable, in view of its labor input and aimlessness of expenses of time and means. The quiet logic approach to search of the failed knot or a component appears much more effective. Surely it is necessary to take into consideration everything preceding breakage, sometimes insignificant, symptoms and guarding signals, such as loss of capacity developed by the engine, change of indications of measuring instruments, emergence of unusual sounds and smells, etc. Do not forget that failure of such components as safety locks or spark plugs can be only a symptom more deeply the hidden violation. Below rather simple scheme of diagnostics of most often meeting refusals is provided in this subsection. The reasons of violations and their symptoms are grouped in a sign of the relation to functioning of any concrete unit or system: "Engine", «Cooling system» etc. Regardless of the refusal nature in a basis of investigation of its reason identical base principles are always put: Make sure of correctness of definition of symptoms of refusal. Told means confidence of delimitation of the area of searches that is especially important with the help in refusal diagnostics to other motorist who cannot adequately state symptoms of taking place violation. Try not to look through obvious violations. For example, if the engine is not started, do not hesitate to check availability of fuel in a fuel tank (thus it is not necessary to take on trust statements of the owner of the faulty car). In default electric equipments first of all it is necessary to check a condition and reliability of fastening of terminal connections of electroconducting, after it it is meaningful to get diagnostic devices. Try to eliminate a cause of failure, instead of its symptom. Replacement of the discharged battery new will help to make the engine start, however the taking place reason of a discharge of the old battery remains not eliminated that will lead to fast failure and new. Similarly, replacement of the spark plugs thrown by oil will allow to restore for some time serviceability of functioning of the engine, however refusal by all means will soon repeat (if the reason lay not simply in application of candles not that type). Do not take on trust any statements! Remember that recently established "new" component also can appear faulty, in particular, if it long time lay in a luggage carrier – it is not necessary to exclude a component from the list checked only for the reason that it is new or is recently established. In case of neglect it is not necessary to be surprised with implementation of the made recommendation, when the cause of failure revealed, at last, will appear lying on a surface from the very beginning. Problem diagnostics and reasons of decrease in efficiency of return of the engine The engine is not turned in attempt of its start · The ignition switch is faulty.
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them.
· The battery is discharged or faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of a charge is broken.
· It is torn off, or electroconducting of a chain of system of start is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections.
· The traction relay or the starter switch failed.
· The starter electromotor is faulty.
· A teeth of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out.
· The driving gear wheel of a starter is jammed in a gear wreath of a flywheel.
· The sensor switch of permission of start (model with AT) or the sensor switch of disconnection of a chain of a starter (model with RKPP) is faulty
· AT is not transferred to the situation "R" or "N".
· The engine is jammed (is jammed cranked or a camshaft, or there was a zalipaniye any of pistons on a wall of the cylinder), – try to turn it manually for a bolt of a pulley of a cranked shaft. The engine is turned, but not started · The fuel tank is empty.
· The battery (the engine is turned too slowly) is discharged.
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them.
· The starter is faulty.
· Passableness of fuel lines is broken, the gasoline pump is faulty, or ventilating branch pipes of a fuel tank are blocked.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Valves burned through, or the density of their pressing to saddles is broken.
· It is damaged (ы) a valve core (ов).
· The klapanny spring (ы) wore out or broke.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Piston rings are worn-out or burned through.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between engine cylinders.
· Moisture got to fuel.
· Unsuitable oil (low viscosity) is used
· The fuel injector (ы) is faulty.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Electroconducting of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections, or the ignition coil is faulty.
· As a result of wear of components of a drive of GRM installations of phases of a gazoraspredeleniye are broken.
· It is torn off gas-distributing a belt/chain, or weakened effort of its tension. Start of the cold engine is complicated · The battery is discharged.
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· The system of supply of fuel is faulty.
· Leakages of fuel through an injector (ы) take place.
· Kompressionny pressure fell. Start of the hot engine is complicated · The filtering element of an air purifier is polluted, or its passableness is otherwise broken.
· The system of supply of fuel (fuel does not arrive to injectors) is faulty.
· Terminal connections of the battery (especially weight) are oxidized.
· Quality of grounding of the power unit is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of supply of fuel or engine management is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP) is broken.
· Kompressionny pressure fell. Starter input in gearing is complicated, or is accompanied by extraneous noise · Teeths of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out.
· Weakened or blurt out bolts of fastening of a starter.
· Internal components of a starter are worn-out or damaged. The engine is started, but at once глохнет · Electroconducting of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections on the module of ignition or the generator.
· Fuel starvation of an injector (ов) takes place.
· The filtering element of an air purifier is polluted.
· Depression losses take place.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leakages of soaked-up air take place, or vacuum lines are damaged.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Unsuitable oil (low viscosity) is used.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between engine cylinders.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Installations of phases of a gazoraspredeleniye are broken as a result of wear of components of a drive of GRM. During a parking under the engine are formed begin to flow oils · Leaks through laying of the pallet of a case, or a drain stopper take place.
· Leaks through landing consolidation of the sensor switch of pressure of oil take place.
· Leaks through laying of a head of cylinders take place.
· Leaks through epiploons of shaft of the engine take place.
· Leaks in the oil pump take place. Stability of turns of idling is broken · Depression losses take place.
· The valve of system of a retsirkulyatsiya of the fulfilled gases (EGR) is faulty.
· Passableness of the valve of system of ventilation of a case (PCV) is broken.
· The filtering element of an air purifier is blocked.
· The gasoline pump does not provide demanded fuel consumption.
· Tightness of laying of a head of cylinders is broken.
· Elements of a drive of GRM are worn-out.
· Working ledges of cams of a camshaft (ов) are worn-out.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Burned through, or valves leaky nestle on the saddles.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of a thermostatic air purifier is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
· Passableness fuel an injector (ов) is broken.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken. Ignition admissions on single turns take place · Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· VV of a wire of spark plugs are faulty.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Short circuit in an ignition chain takes place.
· Quality of contact connections of VV of wires is broken, or is faulty the ignition module.
· The ignition coil is faulty.
· Components of system of decrease in toxicity are faulty, or passableness of the respective highway is broken.
· Leaks in the EGR valve take place.
· Passableness of the fuel filter is broken, or fuel is polluted.
· Depression losses take place.
· Installations of turns or quality of a mix of idling are broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
· Depression losses in the inlet pipeline, or through connecting vacuum hoses take place.
· Passableness of fuel injectors is broken. Admissions of ignition take place at movement on transfer · Passableness of the fuel filter / a connecting path of a power supply system is broken.
· Pressure of fuel fell.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Reliability of fastening of contact connections of VV of wires is broken, or is faulty the ignition module.
· "Breakdown" of electroconducting of VV of candle wires takes place.
· Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
· The ignition system is faulty, or weakened contact connections of its electroconducting.
· Depression losses take place.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Ventilation of a fuel tank is broken. Idling turns are excessively high · Smoothness of a course of a drive of a butterfly valve is broken.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leaks in an inlet air path take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of a control system is broken by the engine. The battery does not "hold" a charge · The driving belt of the generator is worn-out, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken.
· Polar plugs are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them.
· Electrolit level fell in banks.
· The generator does not give out a demanded current of a charge.
· Electroconducting of a chain of system of a charge is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections.
· There is a battery discharge owing to short circuit in onboard electroconducting.
· Internal defect of the battery takes place. The control lamp of a charge continues to burn at the working engine · Internal defect of the generator or a tension regulator takes place.
· The driving belt of the generator is worn-out or torn off, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken.
· Generator brushes are worn-out, jammed or polluted.
· Shchetochny springs of the generator weakened or are broken.
· Electroconducting of a contour of a charge is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections. The control lamp of a charge does not light up at key turn in the situation ON · Fused an incandescence thread.
· The printed-circuit board of a combination of devices, or a lampoderzhatel is faulty.
· The generator is faulty. Stability of turns of the engine is broken during acceleration · Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Passableness of the fuel filter is broken.
· Passableness of fuel injectors is broken.
· Pressure of fuel as a result of violation of serviceability of functioning of a gasoline pump or passableness of fuel lines fell.
· Serviceability of functioning of injectors, or control systems of the engine is broken.
· Weakened socket fastening (ов) electroconductings of fuel injectors.
· Leakages of air in an inlet path take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of EGR system is broken. The engine works with breakthroughs at a pedal of an accelerator withheld motionlessly · Leakages of air in an inlet path take place.
· The gasoline pump, or a regulator of pressure of fuel is faulty.
· Weakened socket fastening (ов) electroconductings of fuel injectors.
· Violations of functioning of a control system by the engine take place. Engine spontaneously глохнет · Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Passableness of the fuel filter is broken, or moisture got to a power supply system.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· VV of a wire of spark plugs are faulty.
· Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses take place.
· Adjustment of klapanny gaps is broken.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Ventilation of a fuel tank is broken, or gasoline pipe lines are blocked.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection or engine management is broken. The capacity developed by the engine fell · The hose of system of ventilation of a case is damaged.
· The hose of a vacuum path is damaged.
· Laying of an inlet collector is damaged.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· VV candle wires or the ignition coil are damaged.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of supply of fuel is broken.
· The filtering element of an air purifier is blocked.
· Brakes are jammed.
· ATF level fell in AT.
· Pressure of oil fell.
· Coupling (RKPP) revolves.
· Passableness of the fuel filter is broken, or moisture got to a power supply system.
· Serviceability of functioning of EGR system is broken.
· The car is filled with non-standard fuel.
· Fell, or kompressionny pressure is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders
· Passableness of a final path is broken.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Leaks in an inlet air path take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection or engine management is broken.
· Engine перегрет.
· The engine is not heated-up to normal working temperature. There are "shots" in a final path · Serviceability of functioning of EGR system is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of the thermostat of an air purifier is broken.
· Depression losses take place.
· Adjustment of klapanny gaps is broken.
· Klapanny springs are damaged, or there was "zalipaniye" of valves.
· Leaks in an inlet air path take place.
· Malfunction in secondary (VV) a contour of system of ignition (candle insulators, wire VV, the ignition module) takes place.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of supply of fuel is broken. The engine works with breakthroughs at a pedal of an accelerator withheld motionlessly · Leakages of air in an inlet path take place.
· The gasoline pump is faulty.
· Weakened socket fastening (ов) electroconductings fuel an injector.
· Violations of functioning of a control system by the engine take place. During acceleration or at increase of load of the engine there are the knocks caused by too early ignition or a detonation · The car is filled with fuel not that grade.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in combustion chambers takes place.
· Non-standard spark plugs are established.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of supply of fuel is broken.
· Wire VV are damaged.
· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR valve is broken.
· Depression losses take place.
· The detonation sensor is faulty.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Klapanny springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Mechanical malfunction of components of a drive of valves (a yoke, an axis of yokes and so forth) takes place. The engine continues to work after switching off ignitions (diesel engine effect) · Leaks in injectors take place.
· Excessively high turns of idling are exposed.
· The working temperature of the engine is excessively high.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye on the bottoms of pistons takes place.
· There is "zalipaniye" of valves.
· Klapanny gaps are incorrectly exposed.
· Serviceability of functioning of EGR system is broken. Pressure drop of impellent oil takes place · Oil level fell, or oil not that grade is filled.
· Bearings of the engine and/or the oil pump are worn-out.
· The engine overheat takes place.
· The oil filter is blocked.
· Passableness of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken.
· Excessively low turns of idling are exposed.
· There was a short circuit in a plait of onboard electroconducting.
· The measuring instrument of pressure of oil is faulty. The consumption of impellent oil is excessive · The drain stopper of the pallet of a case weakened.
· The hose of system of ventilation of a case is damaged.
· The valve of system of ventilation of a case is faulty.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of the pallet, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a forward cover, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· The epiploon of a cranked shaft is damaged.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Landing of the oil filter weakened.
· Weakened effort of a tightening of the sensor switch of pressure of oil.
· Excessive wear of pistons or cylinders takes place.
· Piston rings are worn-out or damaged.
· Maslootrazhatelny caps of inlet and/or final valves are worn-out or damaged.
· Cores of valves are worn-out.
· Directing plugs of valves are worn-out or damaged. Different noise arising at operation of the engine · The loud deaf knock more often arising at acceleration, indicates wear or damage of radical bearings, or non-uniform wear of a cranked shaft.
· Similar described above, but a little more high-frequency, the sound, also is more often arising at acceleration, speaks about possible wear of shatunny bearings.
· The being blocked metal knock amplifying at increase of turns of the engine, and weakening in process of warming up of the last testifies to excessive wear of pistons and walls of cylinders.
· The frequent clicking which is becoming frequent at acceleration, speaks about wear of piston fingers or nests under their landing in pistons (the sound arises at each passing by the VMT corresponding piston).
· The metal clicking published by the water pump, specifies wear of bearings and need of replacement of pump assembly.
· The reason of frequent knock or a clicking which is becoming frequent with increase of turns, violation of adjustment of klapanny gaps can be, – hear to the klapanny mechanism by means of a stethoscope/piece of a vacuum hose. If adjustment of valves does not lead to situation correction, it is necessary to check a condition of hydraulic pushers and other components of the klapanny mechanism.
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In certain cases elimination of knock is helped by engine filling by oil with higher factor of viscosity. |
· The reason of emergence of uniform metal knock or a roar published by a drive of GRM on models of 3.0 l, wear of a gas-distributing chain or violation of adjustment of its tension can be; check also a condition of asterisks.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of greasing The control lamp of pressure of impellent oil is not disconnected · The sensor of pressure of oil (the diaphragm is damaged, there is an oil leakage, the spring or залипли contacts broke) is damaged.
· Pressure of oil fell in result of violation of passableness of the polnopotochny oil filter.
· Pressure of oil fell in result of violation of passableness of the reduktsionny valve of the oil pump.
· Passableness маслотоков is broken.
· Passableness of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken.
· Level of impellent oil fell.
· The maslozabornik is damaged.
· Rotors of the oil pump are jammed. The control lamp of pressure of oil does not work at ignition inclusion · The lamp fused.
· Electroconducting is torn off, or quality of contact connections is broken. The control lamp starts to work in a chastoprobleskovy mode · Quality of contact connections in the corresponding chain is broken.
· Pressure of oil fell.
· Electroconducting is damaged. Diagnostics of malfunctions of systems of supply of fuel and production of the fulfilled gas Violations of supply of fuel to injectors take place · Violation in an electric chain of the fuel pump takes place.
· The dust or moisture got to the fuel pump.
· The fuel pump is hammered by a dust or water.
· Air got to a power supply system.
· Passableness of an air or ventilating path is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of a regulator of pressure of fuel (for example, the diaphragm is damaged) is broken. Fuel consumption is excessive · The filtering element of an air purifier is polluted or its passableness is otherwise broken.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Saddles of valves are worn-out.
· Cores of valves are damaged.
· Klapanny springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Piston rings are worn-out or burned.
· Installation of phases of a gazoraspredeleniye is broken.
· Impellent oil with excessively low viscosity is used.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leaks in a fuel path take place.
· Passableness of fuel injectors is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection of fuel or engine management is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of systems of decrease in toxicity is broken.
· Pressure of a rating of tires does not suffice, or wheels not that standard size are established.
· Brakes "are taken".
· The engine does not get warm to normal working temperature.
· Adjustment of a cable of gas is broken. Leakages of fuel (in salon and near the car distinctly smells as gasoline) take place · The fuel tank, gasoline pipe lines or their shtutserny connections are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development.
· The welding seam of a fuel tank dispersed.
· The drainage system of a fuel tank is damaged.
· Passableness of ventilating lines is broken.
· The tank is overflowed.
· Passableness of a coal adsorber of EVAP system is broken.
· Leaks in an EVAP system path take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of supply of fuel is broken.
· Internal components of fuel injectors are damaged or excessively worn-out. The sensor of a stock of fuel issues incorrect indications · Assembly of the sensor of a stock of fuel is damaged. Noise · The fuel pump is damaged. It is excessively noisy works or the system of production of the fulfilled gases smokes · Leakages of the fulfilled gases through joints of a final collector or sections of system of release take place.
· Exhaust silencers or pipes of system of release are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development.
· As a result of damage of pendant support the system of release contacts at movement to body or suspension bracket elements. Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of cooling The engine overheats · Level of cooling liquid fell.
· The belt of a drive of GRM is damaged or adjustment of its tension is broken
· The belt of a drive of auxiliary units is polluted by oil.
· Passableness of water or air paths of a radiator is broken.
· Leakages of cooling liquid from a radiator take place.
· The water pump is faulty.
· The thermostat is faulty.
· Poor-quality cooling liquid is filled.
· Violation in a fan chain (ов) cooling systems takes place.
· Mechanical damage of a krylchatka of the fan of system of cooling takes place.
· Tightness of landing of a cover of a radiator is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Repauperization of an air and fuel mix takes place.
· Coupling revolves.
· Brakes "are taken".
· Distance inappropriate to norm between the piston and a cylinder wall.
· The path of system of cooling is blocked by an air stopper.
· Transmission oil not that grade is filled.
· Resistance of a final path (high antipressure) is excessively high.
· Indications of a measuring instrument of temperature are inexact. The engine does not get warm to normal working temperature · Ambient temperature is excessively low.
· The thermostat is faulty.
· Violation in a chain of the fan of system of cooling takes place.
· Indications of a measuring instrument of temperature are inexact. External leakages of cooling liquid take place · Hoses of an okhladitelny path are damaged mechanically or destroyed as a result of material aging, or weakened collars of their fastening.
· Epiploons of the water pump (cooling liquid will exude through a control opening) are worn-out or damaged.
· Leakages of cooling liquid from a radiator or a broad tank take place.
· Drain or vyzhimny jams of a water shirt of the block of the engine are damaged.
· Tightness of landing of the sensor switch of temperature of cooling liquid is broken.
· Sealing laying of blocks/heads of cylinders is damaged or cracks in molding take place.
· The thermostat casing is damaged.
· The radiator cover is faulty.
· There was a boiling up of cooling liquid as a result of an overheat. Internal leakages of cooling liquid take place
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Existence of internal leaks proves to be true presence of cooling liquid at the impellent oil, causing an emulgirovaniye of the last. |
· Laying of a head of cylinders is punched.
· The head or the block of cylinders is burst.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a head of cylinders. Losses of cooling liquid take place · In system the excessive amount of cooling liquid is filled in.
· Cooling liquid boils away as a result of an overheat.
· External or internal leakages of cooling liquid (see above) take place.
· The radiator cover is faulty.
· Pressure in system of cooling raises at the expense of a compression in cylinders as a result of emergence of cracks in a head or the block, or violations of integrity any of sealing laying. Circulation of cooling liquid is broken · The water pump is faulty, – check by a proshchupyvaniye of the top radiatorny hose.
· Passableness of an okhladitelny path is broken.
· Weakened a tension of a belt of a drive of the water pump.
· The thermostat is jammed.
· Level of cooling liquid fell. Different noise · The driving belt is faulty.
· The fan of system of cooling is faulty.
· The bearing of the water pump is faulty.
· The epiploon of the water pump is damaged. Corrosion development takes place · Cooling liquid is excessively polluted, – add in system only the distilled rain water.
· Antifreeze is excessively diluted.
· Replacement of cooling liquid and path washing is insufficiently often made. Diagnostics of malfunctions of systems of heating, ventilation and air conditioning Heating and ventilation systems Functioning of the fan of a heater is completely broken · Fused the corresponding safety lock.
· There was an electroconducting break.
· Break in a chain of the switch of management / resistive assembly of the fan takes place.
· The electromotor of a drive of the fan is faulty. Giving in salon of warmed-up air is broken · Liquid level in system of cooling of the engine is insufficient.
· The engine does not get warm to normal working temperature (see above).
· The inlet valve of the heat exchanger of a heater is faulty. Check serviceability of functioning тросового / a vacuum drive of the valve. Several times transfer the switch of a choice of a temperature mode to extreme provisions, checking serviceability of operation of the valve. Warm up the engine to normal working temperature and, having chosen the maximum temperature mode of a heater, probe hoses on an entrance and an exit of klapanny assembly. If hoses have different temperature, replace the valve. At inclusion of a heater there is a windscreen zapotevaniye · Leakages of cooling liquid from a hose laid near a partition of an impellent compartment or under the dashboard of the car take place, – check reliability of a tightening of a fixing collar.
· Leakages of cooling liquid from the heater heat exchanger take place. Attentively examine rugs in foot wells of the driver and the forward passenger on existence of streams on them.
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Cooling liquid has a characteristic sweetish smell. In case of need make the corresponding repair, or replace the failed heat exchanger. On some models for ensuring access to the heat exchanger (radiator) of a heater it is required to remove the dashboard. |
Serviceability of functioning of management is broken by a choice of a temperature mode · Level of cooling liquid fell.
· The electromotor of a drive of a regime zaslonka is faulty. It is not possible to disconnect a mode of the closed ventilation · The selector switch is faulty.
· Malfunction in a chain of the electromotor of a drive of the corresponding zaslonka takes place. Central air of hand-operated air In addition to the malfunctions listed in the previous subsection: Cold air does not arrive via ventilating deflectors · The heater fan (see above) is faulty.
· The switch of management of functioning of the fan of a heater is faulty.
· Passableness of air lines is broken.
· Central air needs a charging.
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Oporozhneniye, the charging and check of a refrigerator path should be made in the conditions of a specialized workshop! |
· The belt of a drive of auxiliary units is torn off, or weakened effort of its tension.
· The К/В switch is faulty.
· The К/В compressor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the coupling of coupling of the К/В compressor is broken. Check a condition of the coupling and electroconducting of its chain.
· Eliminate debugged, replace defective components.
· The sensor switch of pressure of a low-pressure head path of central air is faulty.
· Damage of electroconducting of a chain of central air takes place, or the corresponding relay failed. Check, eliminate debugged, in case of need replace the relay. When using To/in on a floor in salon are formed begin to flow moisture · Passableness of a drainage tube of the evaporator of central air is broken. Clean a tube in a place of an exit it from car salon.
· Passableness of a drain hose of the evaporator is broken. Clean a hose in a place of an exit it from car salon. Activation To/in is accompanied by emergence in salon of a smell of a mold · Passableness of a drain hose of the evaporator of central air is broken. Clean a hose in a place of an exit it from car salon. System of automatic air conditioning (climate control) The system is not activated at ignition inclusion · Fused a safety lock No. 5 or No. 17.
· Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain (special attention it is necessary to give to a grounding contour) is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty. Function of preservation of the last chosen mode does not operate · Fused a safety lock No. 5 or No. 17.
· Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain (special attention it is necessary to give to a grounding contour) is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty. Serviceability of a conclusion of data on the display screen is broken · Fused a safety lock No. 5 or No. 17.
· Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain (special attention it is necessary to give to a grounding contour) is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty. Stability of rotation of the fan is broken · Fused a safety lock No. 5 or No. 17.
· Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The fan electromotor is faulty.
· The relay of the electromotor of the fan is faulty.
· The power transistor or the corresponding safety lock is faulty. Serviceability of a funktsonirovaniye of a zaslonka of inclusion/switching off of a mode of circulation is broken · Quality of contact connections in electroconducting corresponding is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electromotor or a potentiometer of a drive of a switching zaslonka is faulty. Function of switching of the directions of distribution of air does not operate · Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electromotor or a potentiometer of a drive selector a zaslonok is faulty. Maintenance function in salon of the set temperature mode does not operate · Quality of contact connections in electroconducting of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electromotor or a potentiometer of a drive of a mixing zaslonka is faulty.
· The К/В relay is faulty.
· The К/В compressor is faulty.
· The heater is faulty.
· Information sensors of temperatures and/or intensity of sunlight are faulty. The excessive delay of transition to the chosen temperature mode takes place · The electromotor or a potentiometer of a drive of a mixing zaslonka is faulty.
· Information sensors of temperatures and/or intensity of sunlight are faulty. Serviceability of functioning of To/in fans is broken · The electromotor of the main thing or the auxiliary fan is faulty.
· The relay of the electromotor of the main thing or the auxiliary fan is faulty. Diagnostics of malfunctions of coupling Serviceability of switching off of coupling (at the pedal squeezed out to a floor inclusion/switching off of a reverse gear is complicated) is broken · Adjustment of a free wheeling of a pedal of coupling is broken.
· On a conducted disk of coupling oil got.
· The diafragmenny spring "gave".
· Leakages of hydraulic liquid from the main thing or the executive cylinder of coupling take place.
· Air (softness of a course of a pedal takes place) got to the hydraulic highway of a drive of coupling.
· The sealing cuff of the piston of the main thing or the executive cylinder is damaged.
· The lack of greasing of the directing bearing takes place. Coupling revolves (turns of the engine raise without increase in speed of movement of the car) · Peregret a conducted disk of coupling, – park the car and let's to a disk cool down.
· Frictional overlays of a conducted disk are polluted by the oil filtering through a back epiploon of a cranked shaft.
· The new conducted disk (for final not less than 30-40 starts are necessary to make extra earnings of a new disk) was not earned extra.
· Deformation of assembly of a basket of a coupling/flywheel takes place.
· The diafragmenny spring weakened.
· There was piston "zalipaniye" in the main cylinder of coupling as a result of hit of extraneous particles.
· The mechanism of switching off of coupling is jammed.
· The disk or a flywheel is deformed press.
· Hydraulic lines of a drive of coupling are damaged. At inclusion of coupling there is a vibration · Are polluted by oil, are deformed, burned through, or заполированы to shine frictional slips conducted the disk/worker a flywheel surface.
· Weakened rivets of fastening of frictional slips.
· Support of a suspension bracket of the power unit are worn-out, or weakened their fastening.
· Shlitsa of primary shaft of a transmission or a nave of a conducted disk are worn-out.
· Deformation of assembly of a basket of a coupling/flywheel takes place.
· Fatigue deformation of a diafragmenny spring takes place.
· The directing bearing in a pin of a cranked shaft is jammed. During the squeezing or an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling there are extraneous noise · Adjustments of a pedal of coupling are broken.
· The bearing is jammed by Vyzhimna on a transmission shaft.
· The directing bearing is worn-out or damaged.
· Will burst a conducted disk of coupling.
· Fatigue deformation of torsionny springs of a conducted disk of coupling takes place.
· Components of assembly of a basket of coupling are worn-out.
· The diafragmenny spring of a press disk is broken.
· Axial plugs of a pedal of coupling are worn-out or overdried.
· Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty.
· Turns of idling of the engine are excessively low. The coupling pedal after an otpuskaniye does not come back to a starting position · Serviceability of functioning of the main thing or the executive cylinder of coupling is broken.
· The piston in the main thing or the executive cylinder is jammed.
· Components of a drive of switching off of coupling are damaged or jammed.
· Air got to the hydraulic highway. For squeezing of a pedal of coupling the excessive effort is required · The piston in the main thing or the executive cylinder is jammed.
· Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty.
· The main or executive cylinder of the wrong standard size is established. Diagnostics of malfunctions of a manual box of gear shifting The box established on neutral transfer publishes noise at the working engine · Bearings of primary shaft (noise appear at an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling and disappear at its squeezing) are worn-out.
· The bearing of a leading shaft of a box is worn-out.
· Level of transmission oil fell.
· The coupling bearing (noise appear at the squeezed-out pedal of coupling and can decrease at its otpuskaniye) is worn-out vyzhimny.
· Variations of a torque of the engine can be a source of noise, – correction of turns of idling can lead to situation correction. Noise take place on all transfers Any of listed above the reasons, and/or: · The secondary shaft of a transmission, or its bearings is worn-out or damaged. Noise arise on any concrete transfer · Teeths of gear wheels of a transmission are worn-out, chopped off or are otherwise damaged.
· Synchronizers are worn-out or damaged. Noise arise at gear shifting · Serviceability of functioning of coupling is broken.
· Assemblies of synchronizers are faulty. The box "comes off" the chosen transfer · The cuff of the lever of gear shifting hardened.
· Components of a drive of gear shifting are jammed.
· The gear shifting mechanism is worn-out.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of RKPP to the engine
· The holder of the bearing of primary gear wheel is broken, or weakened its fastening.
· Between a clutch lever and a case of the engine dirt got.
· Control balls, flutes of spherical support of rods of forks of switching, or control springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Bearings of a conducted or intermediate shaft are worn-out.
· Support of a suspension bracket of the power unit are worn-out.
· It is excessive axial люфт gear wheels.
· Synchronizers are worn-out. Leakages of transmission oil take place · In a box the excessive amount of transmission oil is filled in.
· The epiploon (and) differential or a sealing cuff of a speedometer is damaged. Gear shifting is complicated · Coupling is faulty.
· Components of the mechanism of a drive of gear shifting are worn-out or damaged.
· Level of transmission oil fell.
· Transmission oil needs replacement.
· The shock rod is worn-out or damaged.
· RKPP gear wheels are jammed.
· Blocks of synchronizers are worn-out. There is a box blocking on any of transfers · Wear, or weakening of landing of driving draft takes place. Diagnostics of malfunctions of automatic transmission
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In view of complexity of a design of AT to the average amateur mechanic will be inconveniently enough exact to carry out diagnostics of its refusals and regenerative repair. In case of problems, excellent from listed below, the owner of the car should address for the help to specialists of car-care center. It is not necessary to hurry also with demontazhy faulty transmission as its many checks are made by in situ (on a regular place). |
Leakages of ATF · ATF usually differs dark red color, – it is not necessary to confuse traces of its leaks to those from impellent oil (the last can communicate on a case of transmission by a running stream of air).
· For identification of a source of leak, first of all, it is necessary to clear a case of transmission and surfaces surrounding it of dirt and greasing. Use a qualitative obezzhirivatel or execute steam cleaning of the unit. Make on the car a short trip with low speed of movement (that traces of taking place leak did not communicate far from its source). To Poddomkratta the car also establish it on props. Examine a transmission case, visually revealing sources of leakage of ATF. Most often as those act:
· Pallet of a case of transmission: tighten fixture and/or replace sealing laying;
· Back lengthening of transmission: tighten fixture and/or replace an epiploon;
· Jellied mouth: replace a rubber cuff in a place of an entrance of a mouth in a transmission case;
· Ventilating tube: transmission is overflowed and/or water got to a case;
· Speedometer junction point: replace a sealing ring in a place of an entrance of a driving cable in a transmission case. ATF has brown color or smells as ashes · ATF level fell in transmission, or liquid burned and needs replacement.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Coupling bottom and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of a reverse gear is faulty. There is no automatic switching of transmission on a low gear at complete squeezing of a pedal of gas (kickdown mode) · Adjustment of a cable of a drive of a butterfly valve at kickdown mode inclusion is broken. During gear shifting engine глохнет · The operating valve is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty.
· Engine adjustments are broken.
· The entrance shaft of transmission is faulty. The engine is started in the provision of transmission, excellent from «R or «N» · The sensor switch of permission of start is faulty, or its adjustment is broken.
· The lever of the selector of transfers or a drive of the selector of transfers is faulty. In positions of the lever of the P or N selector there is an unusual noise · Passableness of the mesh filter is broken.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· The driving disk is faulty.
· ATF level is excessively high or insufficient. Noise arise in position "D" of the lever of the selector · The main transfer is faulty.
· Planetary assembly is faulty.
· The brake tape bottom and back transfers is faulty.
· Reduktsionny transfer is faulty.
· Oil level in differential is excessively high or insufficient. The car moves in the position "N" of the lever of the selector · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· Coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. Switching with «N» on «D» or «R» is accompanied by a push · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· Electroconducting is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Needs ATF replacement. Switching with «N» on «D» or «R» passes with a delay · The management valve is faulty.
· Malfunctions of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure.
· The sealing ring wore out.
· Forward laying of a case of AT is damaged.
· Coupling bottom and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of a reverse gear is faulty. The car does not get under way in any situation AT (the engine глохнет) · The parking brake is cocked.
· Planetary assembly is faulty. The car does not get under way in any situation AT (the engine increases turns) · The mesh filter is littered.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The leading gear wheel is faulty.
· It is faulty a gipoidny gear wheel.
· The power shaft is damaged.
· The differential is faulty.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· The entrance shaft is faulty.
· The target shaft is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty.
· The driving disk is faulty.
· Too low level of ATF.
· Forward laying of the AT case is damaged. The car does not get under way only in the situation "R" AT (the engine глохнет) · The parking brake is cocked.
· Coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty. The car does not get under way only in the situation "R" AT (the engine increases turns) · The selector cable is faulty.
· The selector lever is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling bottom and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of a reverse gear is faulty. The car does not get under way only in provisions "D" and "3" AT (the engine increases turns) · Coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty.
· The obgonny coupling is faulty. The car does not get under way only in provisions "D", "3" and "2" AT (the engine глохнет) · Coupling of a reverse gear is faulty. The car does not get under way only in provisions "D", "3" and "2" AT (the engine increases turns) · Coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. The engine is started only in the position "R" of the selector · The management valve is faulty. Weak reception at dispersal from a place · The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of a reverse gear is faulty.
· Too high or low level of ATF.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· Forward laying of the AT case is damaged.
· The blocking coupling of the hydrotransformer is faulty.
· Too high or low level of oil of differential. Weak acceleration at dispersal from a place · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty. There is no transmission switching to the 1st on the 2nd transfer · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a throttle is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 1 is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a pedal of gas is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty. There is no switching to the 2nd on the 3rd transfer · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2 is faulty. There is no switching to the 3rd on the 4th transfer · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 1 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Efficiency of braking by the engine in the position "3" of the lever of the selector is reduced · The sensor switch of permission of starts/positions of the lever of the selector is faulty.
· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty. Efficiency of braking by the engine in positions "3" or "2" of the lever of the selector is reduced · The management valve is faulty. Efficiency of braking by the engine in the position "1" of the lever of the selector is reduced · Coupling bottom and back transfers is faulty. Nature of switchings of transmission is broken · The sensor switch of permission of starts/positions of the lever of the selector is faulty.
· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Quality of grounding is broken. There is no transmission blocking · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Serviceability of delivery of a signal of turns of the engine is broken. The parking brake does not provide reliable fixing the selector car/lever hardly is deduced from the situation "P" · The selector cable is faulty.
· The selector lever is faulty.
· The mechanism of the parking brake is faulty. Switching with the 1st on the 2nd transfer is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Engine adjustments are broken.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Switching with the 1st on the 2nd transfer is accompanied by transmission pro-slipping · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The control valve is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty. Switching with the 2nd on the 3rd transfer is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Engine adjustments are broken.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Switching with the 2nd on the 3rd transfer is accompanied by transmission pro-slipping · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling of raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Switching with the 3rd on the 4th transfer is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Engine adjustments are broken.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve the electromagnetic valve of coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty.
· The coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. Switching with the 3rd on the 4th transfer is accompanied by transmission pro-slipping · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Transfer of the lever of the selector from situation "3" in situation "2" is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty. Transfer of the lever of the selector from situation "D" in situation "1" is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. Transfer of the lever of the selector from situation "2" in situation "1" is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· Coupling bottom and back transfers is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. Otpuskaniye of a gas pedal on average speeds is accompanied by pushes · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The management valve is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty.
· Engine adjustments are broken.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the bottom transfers is faulty. Rectilinear movement is accompanied by the raised level of vibrations · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of inclusion of blocking is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty. Vibrations arise during commission of turns · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The forward sensor of speed (VSS) is faulty.
· The back sensor of speed (VSS) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· It is faulty the coupling of a transfer case.
· The valve of a transfer case is faulty. Troganiye of the car is accompanied by pro-slipping of forward wheels · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· Forward VSS is faulty.
· The sensor switch of activation of a mode of a full drive (FWD) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The sensor of temperature of ATF is faulty.
· The management valve is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The coupling of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· The valve of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· Passableness of a tube of the distributing mechanism is broken. The car is not transferred to an all-wheel drive mode (FWD) · The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor switch of activation of a mode of a full drive (FWD) is faulty.
· The coupling of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· The valve of the distributing mechanism is faulty. Transmission "comes off" the chosen situation, is switched hardly or with noise, or does not provide car progress forward or back · There is a set of the possible reasons of the listed refusals, however one of them gets to the sphere of competence of the average amateur mechanic - violation of level of ATF only. Check, in case of need make adjustment liquid and filter level/replacement, in parallel check ATF condition. In all other cases the car should be driven away for diagnostics and regenerative repairs/replacements of transmission by car repair shop. Diagnostics of malfunctions of the driveshaft Leaks in a forward part of the driveshaft take place · The back epiploon of transmission is damaged or worn-out. Check also a condition of a surface of a sliding collar. At transfer inclusion (at the moment of emergence of loading) there is a knock · Weakened fastening of components of a back suspension bracket.
· The spindle of a sliding collar is worn-out.
· Weakened driveshaft bolts/nut.
· Bearings of the kardanny hinge (ов) are worn-out or damaged.
· It is worn-out central a bearing/pillow of the central support. Has places the metal gnash conformable to speed of movement of the car · Bearings of the kardanny hinge (ов) are worn-out. Vibrations take place
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First of all check balancing of wheels and pressure of a rating of tires. Usually vibrations increase with increase in movement. |
· Establish in car salon a tachometer and during movement try to define engine turns at which vibration reaches the maximum intensity, then switch transfer and finish engine turns to the same value.
· If vibration arises and reaches the maximum intensity at the same turns of the engine, irrespective of the chosen transfer, its source is not the driveshaft as frequency of its rotation depends on a choice of the transfer relation.
· If switching of transfer leads to disappearance of vibration or appreciable decrease in its intensity (at the same turns of the engine), it is necessary to pass to checks of a condition of the driveshaft:
– Check the driveshaft on existence of signs of a bend and other deformations, in case of need make replacement;
– Carefully clear a shaft, – the stuck dirt can be at the bottom of balancing violation;
– Estimate degree of wear of bearings of kardanny hinges, in case of need make replacement of assemblies;
– Check balancing of the driveshaft or its connecting flange. Make sure of presence on the places balancing грузиков, remove a shaft and establish it, having turned on 180 °, – if vibrations do not disappear, give a shaft to balancing;
– Check reliability of a tightening of fixing bolts/nuts;
– Estimate degree of wear of the central bearing;
– Check a condition of back plugs of transmission. The scraping sound takes place · Make sure that the dustproof casing of a sliding collar does not rub about a case of back lengthening of transmission. Takes place howl or whistle · The central bearing can be a source of similar sounds. Diagnostics of malfunctions of the back bridge and main transfer The extraneous noise identical at movement on transfer and nakaty takes place · Natural road noise.
· Excessive люфт differential transfer.
· Excessive люфт gipoidny gear wheel.
· The nut of a leading gear wheel weakened or is lost.
· Are worn-out, or tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Wheel bearings are worn-out or damaged, or weakened their tightness.
· Oil level fell in differential.
· The differential is faulty. The knock arising at a troganiye from a place or at gear shifting takes place · The differential is faulty, or its adjustment is broken. Extraneous sounds arise during commission of turns · The differential is faulty.
· The persistent washer is excessively worn-out.
· Zalipla or is damaged the sliding coupling. Leakages of oil take place · It is hammered or damaged сапун.
· Weakened, or bolts of an axis of differential or the lateral holder are lost, or the sealing ring is incorrectly established.
· Weakened, or bolts of a back cover are lost, or its laying is damaged.
· The oil filter failed, or weakened the drain stopper (is lost). Vibrations take place · See the subsection devoted to diagnostics of malfunctions of the driveshaft. If a shaft as it should be, поддомкратьте a car back also establish it on props and manually estimate a condition of wheel bearings, in case of need make replacement. Leakages of oil take place · The epiploon of a leading gear wheel of the main transfer is damaged.
· Epiploons of semi-axes are damaged.
· Weakened fixture, or sealing laying of a cover of differential is damaged.
· The drain or jellied/control stopper of differential weakened.
· Passableness ventilating сапуна differential is broken. Diagnostics of malfunctions of a transfer case (at the corresponding complete set of the car) Gear wheels jump out from gearing · The size of a free wheeling of a control lever is broken.
· The control lever clings to the console.
· Weakened fixture of support of a suspension bracket of a transfer case, or fatigue deformation of a material takes place.
· Internal components of a transfer case are worn-out, or adjustments are broken. Switching of modes is complicated · Oil level fell.
· Internal components of a transfer case are worn-out, or adjustments are broken. Extraneous noise take place · Oil level fell in a transfer case.
· Existence of noise at a choice of any of modes speaks about malfunction existence in components of back differential or the back bridge. Diagnostics of malfunctions of brake system
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Before coming to conclusion about refusal of brake system, check a condition and pressure of a rating of tires, uniformity of loading of the car and corners of installation of forward wheels. |
When braking course stability of the car is broken · Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Brake blocks/boots from one of car boards are worn-out, damaged or greasy.
· Brake shoes or a disk from one of car boards are excessively worn-out.
· Weakened fixture of components of a forward suspension bracket.
· It is faulty one or several brake mechanisms.
· Passableness of brake lines is broken.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a support or a board of the brake mechanism.
· The support piston / the wheel cylinder of one of brake mechanisms is jammed, or its moving is complicated.
· From different boards of the car brake blocks/boots with frictional overlays of various type are established.
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket are worn-out or damaged.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken. During braking there are extraneous noise (a gnash or high-frequency squeal) · Frictional overlays of brake shoes of forward wheels are worn-out, – the sound is published by sensors of wear of blocks.
· Are polluted or заполированы to shine brake shoes.
· On a working surface of a brake shoe oil (clicks are audible) got.
· The brake disk/drum – usually after long parking of the car is damaged by corrosion.
· Between a disk and a board of the brake mechanism the extraneous subject (for example, a stone) got.
· The brake board is deformed. The course of a brake pedal is excessively great · Local violation in brake system takes place.
· Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank.
· Air got to hydraulic system.
· Serviceability of functioning of automatic regulators of brake mechanisms is broken.
· The valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty. Softness of a course of a brake pedal takes place at its squeezing · Air got to hydraulic system.
· Flexible brake hoses are damaged as a result of material aging.
· Weakened GTTs fixture.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Installation of working gaps of brake blocks/boots is broken.
· Passableness of a ventilating opening of a cover of the GTTs tank is broken.
· Rubber brake lines are deformed.
· Sealing cuffs of supports are softened.
· Brake liquid needs replacement. For a stop of the car applying of excessively big effort to a brake pedal is required In addition to the reasons listed in the previous subsection: · The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots are excessively worn-out.
· The piston (and) a support / the wheel cylinder is jammed.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots are polluted by oil or greasing.
· Brake disks are damaged or worn-out.
· GTTs or a support (ы) / the wheel cylinder (ы) is faulty.
· Are recently established and were not in time to be earned extra new brake blocks/boots.
· Local violation in brake system takes place. The pedal of a foot brake fails to a floor without resistance · Liquid level fell in the GTTs tank, or leaks via pistons of supports / wheel cylinders take place.
· Brake lines are damaged, or weakened their shtutserny connections. During braking there are pulsations of a pedal of a foot brake · Wheel bearings are worn-out or damaged, or adjustment of their pretightness is broken.
· Components of a support of the brake mechanism are incorrectly established, or between them extraneous subjects got.
· Excessive lateral palpation brake disk/ovality of a drum takes place.
· Brake shoes are non-uniformly worn-out. Pulsations of a pedal of a foot brake take place at its squeezing during sharp braking · Consequence of serviceable functioning of ABS. During braking there is a vibration transferred to a brake pedal or a steering wheel · Excessive palpation brake disk/deformation of a brake drum takes place.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots are worn-out.
· Weakened bolts of fastening of a support / a brake board.
· Components of a suspension bracket either a steering drive, or a support are worn-out. Brakes "are taken" (efficiency of return of the engine is reduced, wheels are excessively warmed up during movement) · Adjustment of a target rod of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· Passableness of the GTTs inlet union is broken.
· The GTTs piston is jammed in the cylinder.
· Brake blocks/boots are excessively worn-out.
· Cups of pistons in the main brake cylinder, or supports of brake mechanisms are deformed.
· Adjustment of the parking brake is broken.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Adjustment of adjusting height of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· The wheel cylinder (ы) is jammed.
· Adjustment of gaps of landing of boots in drums of brake mechanisms is broken.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Passableness of brake lines is broken. Back wheels are blocked at normal braking · Tires are excessively strongly pumped up.
· Protectors are excessively worn-out. Back wheels are blocked at emergency braking · Tires are excessively strongly pumped up.
· Protectors are excessively worn-out.
· Are polluted by oil of a block of brake mechanisms of forward wheels.
· GTTs, or assembly (and) brake mechanisms is faulty. The parking brake "is taken" · The lever of the parking brake is not adjusted.
· The cable of the parking brake does not move.
· The gap of blocks of the parking brake is not adjusted.
· The returnable spring is broken. Noise from the mechanism of the parking brake · The returnable spring is broken.
· The holding spring of blocks of the parking brake is broken. The parking brake does not hold the car properly · Adjustment of a drive of the parking brake is broken. Diagnostics of malfunctions of the protivootkatny device
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If the car does not get under way from a place (the brake is not released) because of the broken returnable spring, give an adjusting nut, disconnect coupling and the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV), then release brakes, having taken away in a starting position the PHV lever. |
Before starting this operation, make sure that the parking brake is cocked.
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Protivootkatnoye the device does not function on liftings with a weak bias. |
The pedal of coupling is squeezed out with excessive resistance · The cable of a drive of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) is faulty.
· The PHV lever is faulty.
· Coupling is faulty. The car does not keep motionlessly on lifting by a steepness more than 3 % · The forward part of a body of the car is excessively lowered.
· The cable of a drive of PHV is torn off or will extend.
· The size of a free wheeling of a pedal of coupling is excessive.
· PHV sealing (the valve is subject to replacement assembled) is broken. Troganiye of the car is accompanied by a push · The pedal of a foot brake (the with bigger force the pedal is squeezed out, the protivootkatny device later is released) is too strongly squeezed out.
· At a troganiye on an equal surface the car can at first twitches back, - result of activation of the protivootkatny device. The car revolves at start · The coupling disk is worn-out.
· The cable of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) is extended.
· The basic arm of hummock assembly or a rack the PHV valve is deformed. The car cannot begin movement at start · The returnable spring is stretched or broken.
· The lever of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) does not come back to a starting position. At an otpuskaniye of a pedal of a foot brake there is an unusual sound · Blocks are excessively strongly pressed to a brake disk as a result of sharp braking. When squeezing a pedal of coupling there is an unusual sound · The hook of a returnable spring, or mobile section of a tip of a driving cable of PHV is insufficiently well greased.
· Coupling is faulty. Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of anti-blocking of brakes (ABS) Course stability is broken when braking (the car withdraws in one of the parties
or develops) · The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator/control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are incorrectly (non-uniformly) pumped up.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· Rough road. The length of a brake way is excessive · The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator/control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Air got to brake system.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are incorrectly (non-uniformly) pumped up. There is a premature blocking of wheels · The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator/control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken. Brakes "are taken" · The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic modulator/module of management of ABS is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The main brake cylinder (GTTs) is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms (for example, the piston is jammed) are faulty.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken.
· Adjustment of the parking brake is broken.
· Adjustment of a course of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a various standard size are established. The course of a pedal of a foot brake is excessively great · The corresponding adjustment is broken.
· Air got to brake system.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken. When braking the car excessively buries a nose · The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic modulator/module of management of ABS is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or weakened their fastening.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Rough road. Vibrations of a pedal of a foot brake when braking on the slippery road · A normal sign of operation of ABS (when braking).
· Rough surface of the road. Functioning of the ABS hydromodulator is accompanied by extraneous noise · The basic plug of the hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake lines are damaged. At movement on a slippery covering there are noise in a forward part of the car · The basic plug of the ABS hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Hydraulic lines of a brake path are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes / the control valve is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or weakened their fastening. At movement on a slippery covering there are noise in a back part of the car · The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· The parking brake is faulty.
· Hydraulic lines of a brake path are faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or weakened their fastening. Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) / antiprobuksovochny system (TCS) The length of a brake way is excessive · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Air got to brake system.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Are incorrectly connected brake line/electroconducting.
· The ABS sensor is faulty, or its working gap is incorrectly exposed.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· The roving sensor / cross-section overloads is faulty.
· The pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty. There is a premature blocking of wheels · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting is broken.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· The pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty. Brakes "are taken" · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The parking brake failed.
· The course of a pedal of a foot brake is not adjusted.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty. The course of a pedal of a foot brake is excessively great · The corresponding adjustment is broken.
· Air got to brake system.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty. When braking the car excessively buries a nose · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Correctness connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting of brake system is broken.
· Rough road.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· GTTs is faulty
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or weakened their fastening. Excessive vibration of a pedal of a foot brake at sharp braking, acceleration or movement on the slippery road there are vibrations · Rough road.
· Correctness connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting of brake system is broken.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty. Functioning of the VDC hydromodulator is accompanied by extraneous noise · The basic plug of the hydromodulator is worn-out.
· The hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The roving sensor / cross-section overloads is faulty or incorrectly established.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed. At sharp braking, acceleration and movement on the slippery road there are noise in a forward part of the car · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs failed.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes failed.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up. Noise arise in car salon · The module of management of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty;
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed. At sharp braking, acceleration and movement on the slippery road there are noise in a forward part of the car · The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· The parking brake is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are excessively worn-out or damaged, or weakened their fastening.
· Semi-axes are damaged.
· Wheels are damaged.
· Non-standard tires are established. The engine is not dispersed or глохнет at sharp acceleration or during movement on the slippery road · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty
· GTTs is faulty.
· The parking brake failed.
· Correctness connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting of brake system is broken.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of brake system are faulty. The system of dynamic stabilization is activated under normal conditions movements · The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brakes (brake shoes) are faulty.
· Brake mechanisms/blocks are faulty.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Rough road.
· Malfunctions in system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel (GUR).
· Correctness connection hydraulic lines/electroconducting of brake system is broken. The light indicator of shutdown of VDC does not burn at the pressed VDC OFF switch
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If the VDC OFF switch to hold pressed during 10 seconds or more at the rotating engine, the indicator of shutdown of VDC will be switched off is irreversible. For return into position it is necessary to switch off and внувь to include ignition. |
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty. Diagnostics of malfunctions of a suspension bracket and steering
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Before starting checks of components of a suspension bracket and a steering drive make sure that a cause of infringement is not the wrong rating of tires, installation of tires of a various standard size, violation of balancing of wheels, or "prikhvatyvaniye" of brakes. |
Course stability of the car is broken · On one axis wheels of a various standard size are established, or their tires are pumped up with various pressure.
· Defect of tires takes place.
· Components of a suspension bracket or a steering drive are worn-out.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Brake mechanisms of forward wheels "are taken".
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Screw springs (are broken or "gave" at the corresponding complete set of the car).
· Weakened wheel nuts.
· The geometry of a suspension bracket or a steering drive is broken as a result of failure. Takes place люфт wheels and the increased vibration of the car · Balancing of forward wheels (vibration is most considerably transferred through a steering wheel) is broken.
· Balancing of back wheels (vibration is most considerably transferred through a car body) is broken.
· Tires are pumped unequally up.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Components of racks of a suspension bracket are worn-out.
· Weakened wheel nuts.
· Rims are damaged or deformed.
· Tires are damaged.
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs are worn-out.
· The spherical support (ы) is worn-out. During commission of turns and when braking there is "galloping" and/or car rocking · Weakened fastening of the stabilizer of cross-section stability.
· Shock-absorbers are faulty.
· Screw springs/springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "gave".
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs are worn-out.
· The car is overloaded. Roving or the general course instability of the car takes place · On one axis wheels of a various standard size are established, or their tires are pumped up with various pressure.
· Balancing of wheels is broken.
· Tires are pumped non-uniformly up.
· Weakened wheel nuts.
· The lack of greasing of CV JOINTS and tips of steering drafts takes place.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· Weakened fastening of the stabilizer of cross-section stability.
· Screw springs/springs are broken or "gave".
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs are worn-out. Excessively hardly the steering wheel turns · Level of liquid of system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel fell.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· The lack of greasing of spherical support and tips of steering drafts takes place.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Adjustment of the steering mechanism is broken, or greasing level fell.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Components of the steering mechanism are worn-out or damaged.
· To rotation of a steering shaft stirs the switch of indexes of turns.
· Tires are too poorly pumped up.
· Greasing deteriorated. Replace.
· Spherical support are worn-out or damaged.
· Components of a steering drive are worn-out or damaged. It is excessive люфт a steering wheel · Weakened wheel bearings.
· Plugs of components of a suspension bracket are worn-out.
· Adjustment of the steering mechanism is broken.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Weakened fixture of assembly of the steering mechanism.
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket are worn-out. There is no hydraulic strengthening · The belt of a drive of the steering pump is damaged, or adjustment of its tension is broken.
· Level of hydraulic liquid fell.
· Passableness of hoses of system of strengthening of a wheel is broken.
· Air got to the hydraulic highway of system of strengthening of a wheel.
· The steering pump is faulty.
· The steering mechanism is faulty. Serviceability of return of a steering wheel in rectilinear situation is broken · Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Tires are too poorly pumped up.
· Components of the steering mechanism are worn-out.
· Adjustment of a steering column is broken.
· Spherical support are worn-out or damaged.
· Components of a steering drive are worn-out or damaged.
· There was a loss of greasing of components of a steering drive.
· Greasing level fell in a case of the steering mechanism.
· The steering column is jammed. The steering wheel rotates in different directions with various resistance · Leaks in a case of the steering mechanism take place.
· Passableness of hydraulic lines of system of strengthening of a wheel is broken. Functioning of the steering pump is accompanied by the raised noise background · The lack of oil of the pump takes place.
· Passableness of hoses, or the oil filter of the steering pump is broken.
· Weakened fixture of a driving pulley.
· Adjustment of effort of a tension of a belt of a drive of the steering pump is broken.
· The steering pump is faulty. The extraneous noise which are starting with a forward part of the car take place · Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· There was a loss of greasing of spherical support or components of a steering drive.
· Weakened fixture of the steering mechanism, components of a steering drive and a suspension bracket.
· Support of shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· Shock-absorbers are damaged.
· Springs are damaged.
· Weakened nuts of fastening of wheels.
· Shlitsa of back semi-axes are worn-out or damaged.
· It is excessive axial люфт the back bridge. During braking controllability of the car decreases · Stupichny bearings of forward wheels are worn-out.
· Screw springs/springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "gave".
· Deformation of brake disks/drums takes place. The car excessively gave · Overload.
· Shock-absorbers of rack-mount assemblies are worn-out.
· Screw springs/springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "gave".
· Serviceability of functioning of an electropneumatic suspension bracket (is broken at the corresponding complete set). The gnash or other extraneous noise published by the steering mechanism takes place · Weakened fixture of assembly of reechny transfer.
· Internal damage of the steering mechanism takes place. Excessive wear of tires takes place The increased wear of an internal or external part of a protector · Tires (wear of both edges) are pumped insufficiently up.
· Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs are worn-out.
· Speed on turns does not decrease.
· Mechanical violation of geometry of a suspension bracket as a result of failure takes place. Scaly wear (obtrepyvaniye) of a protector · Convergence installation is broken. Wear of the central part of a protector · Tires are pumped up too strongly. Wear of internal and external edges of a protector · Tires are insufficiently strongly pumped up.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out. Non-uniform wear of a protector · Tire/wheel balancing is broken.
· Excessively lateral palpation of a disk or tire.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· The tire is damaged. Diagnostics of malfunctions темпостата The main switch темпостата does not turn on · Check a food.
· Check the main switch темпостата. Tempostat is not established · Check the SET/COAST switch.
· Check the switch of a stoplight and parking fires
· Check the switch of coupling (RKPP).
· Check the switch of ignition (AT).
· Check the sensor of speed of the car (VSS). The engine does not keep the established speed of ± 3 km/h · Check the sensor of speed of the car. Speed of the car does not increase or does not come back on established after RESUME/ACCEL switch pressing · Check the RESUME/ACCEL switch. Speed of the car does not decrease after SET/COAST switch pressing · Check the SET/COAST switch. Tempostat is not disconnected after CANCEL switch pressing · Check the CANCEL switch. Tempostat is not disconnected after an otpuskaniye of a pedal of a brake · Check the switch of a stoplight and parking fires. Tempostat is not disconnected after an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling (RKPP) · Check the coupling switch. Problem diagnostics of onboard electric equipment Serviceability of functioning of one or both headlights in a mode of a passing or driving beam is broken · Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of a block headlight and serviceability of giving of a food on it from the battery. If a food moves regularly, and grounding as it should be, replace the failed lamp. At violation of giving of food/grounding check a condition of electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The management switch is faulty. Brightness of a luminescence of one or both headlights is strongly reduced · Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of a block headlight and serviceability of giving of a food on it from the battery. If the supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component. Running and marker lights Running and marker lights do not function · Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the corresponding lighting device and serviceability of giving of a food on it from the battery. If a food moves regularly, and grounding as it should be, check a condition of the boss, in case of need replace the failed lamp. At violation of giving of food/grounding check a condition of electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The management switch is faulty. Make replacement. Alternating refusals of running and marker lights take place · The filament of the corresponding lamp is damaged. Check, replace the failed lamp.
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· Electroconducting or its contact plugs is damaged. Check, make the corresponding corrections.
· The management switch is faulty. Make replacement. Brightness of a luminescence of one of lighting devices is strongly reduced · Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the corresponding lighting device and serviceability of giving of a food on it from the battery. If the supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· The management switch is faulty. Make replacement. Internal lighting devices Internal illumination of salon does not function · The management switch is established in the wrong situation. Find the switch and transfer it to the relevant situation.
· Quality of contact connection on the lamp socket is broken. Check quality of grounding and serviceability of giving of a food from the battery. If a food is absent, check a condition of the corresponding safety lock, in case of need make replacement. Check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections). In the absence of grounding check a condition of contacts of door sensors switches, remove corrosion traces, in case of need replace defective components. Alternating refusal of internal illumination of salon takes place · The filament of the corresponding lamp is damaged. Check, replace the failed lamp.
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· Contact plugs of the external socket of the lamp are oxidized or damaged. Check, smooth out or replace the corresponding components.
· Serviceability of functioning of door sensors switches is broken. Check, replace the failed components. Brightness of illumination of salon is strongly reduced · Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the lamp and serviceability of giving of a food on it from the battery. If the supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· One of switches / датчиков-выключателей managements is faulty. Make replacement. Stoplights Refusal of one of stoplights takes place · Serviceability of giving of tension to a lamp of the corresponding stoplight is broken. check, if a food moves regularly, estimate quality of grounding, in case of need replace a lamp. At identification of signs of break of a contour of a food or masses check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections). Refusal of both stoplights takes place · Adjustment of the sensor switch of stoplights is broken. Check, make the corresponding adjustment. If food giving to stoplights remains broken, despite serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch, check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections), make necessary corrections. Brightness of a luminescence of one or both stoplights is strongly reduced · Quality of contact connection on one of contact sockets of the corresponding chain is broken. Check quality of grounding of lantern assemblies and serviceability of giving of a food on them from the battery. If the supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and connecting electroconducting of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections). Sometimes there is a need for removal of the defective socket and cleaning of its landing surface. Control lamps / light indicators The control lamp (ы) continues to burn after engine start Control lamp of a charge · The generator or a tension regulator is faulty. Check, replace the failed components.
· Short circuit in a chain of electroconducting of the corresponding lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections. Control lamp of refusals of MIL («Check the engine») · Time of carrying out the next maintenance of the engine approached, or adjusting parameters of the last are broken. Lead THAT, check parameters of settings, estimate a condition of spark plugs and the air filter, check level and a condition of impellent oil. Make necessary adjustments and replacements.
· Alternating repauperization of an air and fuel mix as a result of an approach by the end of a stock of fuel in a tank takes place. Fill the car with fuel, make lamp reinstallation.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of system of injection/engine management is broken. Check a condition of electroconducting and contact sockets of the module of management and information sensors.
· Depression losses in the inlet pipeline take place. Check a condition of sealing laying and vacuum hoses. Replace defective components.
· The raised consumption of engine oil as a result of strong wear of internal components of the engine takes place. Make regenerative repair of the power unit. Control lamp of ABS · Contact connections of wheel sensors are oxidized, or between teeths of alarm rotors extraneous particles got stuck. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Leaks in GTTs take place. Examine the cylinder, replace the failed cuffs and laying.
· Serviceability of functioning of the module of management of ABS, the hydraulic pump or valves regulators is broken. Check a condition of components, make necessary corrections / replace defective details.
· Malfunction in an electric chain wheel sensors/module of management of ABS takes place. Attentively examine electroconducting, eliminate the revealed defects. Control lamp of brake system · Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank. Check a hydraulic path of brake system on existence of signs of leaks, eliminate debugged, add in the tank necessary amount of liquid of a demanded grade.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots are excessively worn-out. Check, make replacement of the failed components.
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Replacement of brake blocks/boots is always made in a set for both wheels of the corresponding axis! |
· Defect in a chain of the alarm sensor of a control lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components. Control lamp of pressure of oil
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Car operation at the lowered pressure of oil is fraught with the serious internal damages of the engine connected with expensive repair! One of signs of inadmissible decrease in oil pressure is detonation increase at operation of the engine. |
· At operation of this control lamp it is necessary to muffle immediately the engine and to check level of engine oil and a condition of the oil filter. In case of need add the corresponding amount of oil from the canister which should be stored in the car and be updated at each replacement of oil.
· Electroconducting of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is damaged. At the included ignition (the engine do not start) disconnect electroconducting from the sensor switch, – the control lamp should not burn, otherwise check electroconducting on existence of signs of short circuit on weight. Make sure of integrity of isolation on all length of wires, replace defective units of a chain.
· Passableness of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken. Remove the pallet of a case and clean the filter.
· Serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is broken. For check establish obviously serviceable sensor.
· Passableness of the polnopotochny oil filter is broken, or leakages of oil take place. Replace the filter. Control lamp of raising of the parking brake · The lever of the parking brake is not released. Do not forget to release the parking brake before a start of motion.
· Adjusting position of the sensor switch of a control lamp is broken, or short circuit in a chain of its electroconducting takes place. Check, eliminate debugged.
· The sensor switch of a control lamp is faulty. Check, make replacement. The control lamp (ы) starts to blink during movement Control lamp of a charge · The generator or a tension regulator is faulty. Check, replace the failed components.
· Short circuit in a chain of electroconducting of the corresponding lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections. Control lamp of MIL («Check the engine») · Time of carrying out the next maintenance of the engine approached, or adjusting parameters of the last are broken. Lead THAT, check parameters of settings, estimate a condition of spark plugs and the air filter, check level and a condition of impellent oil. Make necessary adjustments and replacements.
· Alternating repauperization of an air and fuel mix as a result of an approach by the end of a stock of fuel in a tank takes place. Fill the car with fuel, make lamp reinstallation.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of system of injection/engine management is broken. Check a condition of electroconducting and contact sockets of the module of management and information sensors.
· Depression losses in the inlet pipeline take place. Check a condition of sealing laying and vacuum hoses. Replace defective components.
· Electroconducting of a chain of a control lamp is damaged. Check electroconducting on existence of short circuits, eliminate debugged. Control lamp of ABS · Contact connections of wheel sensors are oxidized, or between teeths of alarm rotors extraneous particles got stuck. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Leaks in GTTs take place. Examine the cylinder, replace the failed cuffs and laying.
· Serviceability of functioning of the module of management of ABS, the hydraulic pump or valves regulators is broken. Check a condition of components, make necessary corrections / replace defective details.
· Malfunction in an electric chain wheel sensors/module of management of ABS takes place. Attentively examine electroconducting, eliminate the revealed defects. Control lamp of brake system · Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank. Check a hydraulic path of brake system on existence of signs of leaks, eliminate debugged, add in the tank necessary amount of liquid of a demanded grade.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots are excessively worn-out. Check, make replacement of the failed components.
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Replacement of brake blocks/boots is always made in a set for both wheels of the corresponding axis! |
· Defect in a chain of the alarm sensor of a control lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components. Control lamp of pressure of oil
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Car operation at the lowered pressure of oil is fraught with the serious internal damages of the engine connected with expensive repair. |
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One of signs of inadmissible decrease in oil pressure is detonation increase at operation of the engine. |
· At operation of this control lamp it is necessary to muffle immediately the engine and to check level of engine oil and a condition of the oil filter. In case of need add the corresponding amount of oil from the canister which should be stored in the car and be updated at each replacement of oil.
· Electroconducting of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is damaged. At the included ignition (the engine do not start) disconnect electroconducting from the sensor switch, – the control lamp should not burn, otherwise check electroconducting on existence of signs of short circuit on weight. Make sure of integrity of isolation on all length of wires, replace defective units of a chain.
· Passableness of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken. Remove the pallet of a case and clean the filter.
· Serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is broken. For check establish obviously serviceable sensor. Control lamp of raising of the parking brake · The lever of the parking brake is not released. Do not forget to release the parking brake before a start of motion.
· Adjusting position of the sensor switch of a control lamp is broken, or short circuit in a chain of its electroconducting takes place. Check, eliminate debugged.
· The sensor switch of a control lamp is faulty. Check, make replacement. The control lamp (ы) does not light up at ignition inclusion without engine start · The lamp is faulty, – check by substitution obviously serviceable.
· Break in цеп takes place. Check a condition of the corresponding electroconducting.
· The corresponding sensor switch is faulty, or defect in a chain of its electroconducting takes place. Check, eliminate debugged, replace defective components. Indexes of turns alarm system Signal lights join, but work in a continuous mode · The breaker is faulty. Replace the failed block. Bilateral refusal of signal lights takes place · Fused a safety lock. Check, make replacement.
· The breaker failed, – check by substitution of obviously serviceable block.
· Malfunction in an electroconducting chain takes place. Check, eliminate debugged. Unilateral refusal of signal lights takes place · Fused lamps. Check, replace the failed lamps.
· Quality of grounding of assemblies of the corresponding fires is broken. Check, eliminate break. One of signal lights does not join only · The lamp fused. Check, make replacement.
· Contact surfaces of the socle/boss are oxidized. Check, smooth out plugs.
· Quality of grounding of the boss of the corresponding lamp is broken. Check, eliminate break. Frequency of gleams of signal lights is strongly reduced · Too powerful lamps are established. Replace lamps. Frequency of gleams of signal lights is strongly increased · Insufficiently powerful lamps are established. Replace lamps.
· The breaker not that type is established. Replace the breaker. Serviceability of functioning of a control lamp of the alarm system is broken · The corresponding external signal lights are faulty. Check, in case of need replace a control lamp.
· The switch of the alarm system is faulty. Check, in case of need make replacement. Serviceability of functioning of one of control lamps of indexes of turns is broken · The lamp fused. Check, make replacement.
· The breaker is faulty, – check by substitution of obviously serviceable block, in case of need make replacement. Horn The sound signal is absent · Fused the corresponding safety lock. Check, in case of need make replacement.
· Serviceability of giving of a food on a horn is broken, or break in a grounding contour takes place. Check. If a food moves regularly, replace a horn. In case of identification of refusal check a condition of the corresponding electroconducting. The tonality of sounding of a horn changed · On models with one horn make replacement of the last.
· On models with 2-рожковым a horn check serviceability of functioning of the second horn. Serially disconnecting from horns electroconducting, check serviceability of functioning of each of them separately. Replace the failed component.
· Check correctness of installation of a horn (ов), – horns should be established by a bell down. Make sure that in a horn extraneous subjects did not get. Screen wipers Screen wipers do not function · Fused a safety lock. Check, make replacement.
· The management switch is faulty. Check, eliminate debugged, in case of need replace the switch.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of the electric drive of screen wipers is broken. Check, smooth out plugs, replace the failed elements.
· Quality of grounding of the switch of management or the driving electromotor is broken. Check, eliminate the revealed breaks. There is an overheat of the driving electromotor, inclusion of screen wipers leads to safety lock knocking-out · Internal damage of the electromotor takes place. Make replacement.
· Are jammed, or drafts of a drive of levers of screen wipers are deformed. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components. Functioning of one or both levers of screen wipers at serviceable operation of the driving electromotor is broken · Weakened fixture of the corresponding driving draft. Check, tighten fixture.
· Weakened lever fastening on a drive axis. Tighten a nut, in case of need make replacement of the corresponding lever / axial knot of a drive. At shutdown of a brush do not come back to parking situation · As a result of malfunction of the switch of management the order of shutdown of a food from the driving electromotor is broken. Check, eliminate debugged.
· Violation in a chain of a parking contour of the driving motor takes place. Replace the electromotor. Before installation of levers start system for the purpose of clarification of the correct parking provision of screen wipers. Having finished installation, include screen wipers in the maximum high-speed mode and make sure that brushes in extreme provisions do not hit about facing of a window aperture. Problem diagnostics of a combination of devices Functioning of a speedometer is completely broken · The driving cable incorrectly is connected to assembly of a measuring instrument or a leading gear wheel. Check, make necessary corrections.
· The driving cable is torn off, or there was a rounding off of tips by means of which its fastening in assembly of the measuring instrument/leader of a gear wheel is carried out. Check, in case of need replace a cable.
· The leading gear wheel of a speedometer is worn-out. Check, in case of need make replacement.
· The measuring instrument is faulty, – check by substitution of obviously serviceable assembly. In case of need make replacement. Fluctuations of an arrow of a measuring instrument at movement with constant speed take place · Correctness of laying of a cable is broken, excesses or twisting take place. Check, make necessary corrections, in case of identification of signs of damage of a cover replace a cable.
· Trosovy assembly needs greasing. Remove a cable, examine it on existence of damages (in case of need make replacement), grease and establish into place. Takes place alternating violations of functioning of a speedometer · Completeness of connection of a cable and reliability of its fixing in clips is broken. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Are worn-out cable tips (are rounded). Check, in case of need replace hummock assembly. Speedometer with an electric drive Functioning of a speedometer is completely broken · The inductive exit of the sensor of speed (VSS) is faulty. Replace the sensor.
· Electroconducting on a chain site between VSS and a speedometer is damaged. Examine electroconducting, estimate quality of contact connections, eliminate debugged, replace defective components.
· The measuring instrument is damaged, check by substitution of obviously serviceable assembly. In case of need make replacement. Takes place alternating violations of functioning of a speedometer · Quality of contact connections on a chain site between VSS and a speedometer is broken. Check, make necessary corrections, replace defective components.
· The inductive descent of the sensor of speed (VSS) is faulty. Replace the sensor. Measuring instruments of a stock of fuel and engine temperature Functioning of a measuring instrument is completely broken · Fused the corresponding safety lock. Check, make replacement.
· Break in a chain of electroconducting of the corresponding measuring instrument takes place. Check, eliminate debugged.
· The corresponding sensor is faulty. Check, make replacement.
· Adequacy of installation of a measuring instrument or its sensor is broken. Check, make the corresponding corrections. Stability of indications of a measuring instrument is broken · Quality of contact connections of the corresponding electric chain is broken. Check, eliminate debugged.
· The measuring instrument is faulty. Make replacement. The measuring instrument continuously fixes the maximum indication · Short circuit on weight in a chain of electroconducting of the corresponding measuring instrument takes place.
· The measuring instrument is faulty. Make replacement.
· Serviceability of grounding of a measuring instrument is broken. Check, eliminate break.
· Adequacy of installation of a measuring instrument or its sensor is broken. Check, make the corresponding corrections. |
